منابع مشابه
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The mammalian tachykinins (TKs), substance P and neurokinin A, are present in sensory nerve fibres in the upper and lower airways of various mammalian species, including humans. TKs are released from these afferent nerves in an "efferent" mode at peripheral level, especially in response to irritant stimuli. TKs exert a variety of biological effects (bronchoconstriction, plasma protein extravasa...
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Brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS) is a group of abnormalities that result in upper airway obstruction. Primary malformations include stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, and hypoplastic trachea, which cause an increase in negative pressure within the upper airways that can eventually lead to secondary abnormalities such as everted laryngeal saccules, everted tonsils, and laryngeal and trac...
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Mucus secretion is the first-line defense against the barrage of irritants that inhalation of approximately 500 L of air an hour brings into the lungs. The inhaled soot, dust, microbes, and gases can all damage the airway epithelium. Consequently, mucus secretion is extremely rapid, occurring in tens of milliseconds. In addition, mucus is held in cytoplasmic granules in a highly condensed state...
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The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) occurs in patients of all ages, from the premature infant to the elderly. Much remains unknown about the pathophysiology of the syndrome. However, research suggests that OSAS in all age groups is due to a combination of both anatomic airway narrowing and abnormal upper airway neuromotor tone. The anatomic predisposing factors for OSAS differ over the ...
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Airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays an integral part in the pathophysiology of asthma. It is responsible for acute bronchoconstriction, which is potentiated by constrictor hyperresponsiveness, impaired relaxation and length adaptation. ASM also contributes to airway remodeling and inflammation in asthma. In light of this, ASM is an important target in the treatment of asthma.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Folia Pharmacologica Japonica
سال: 2002
ISSN: 0015-5691,1347-8397
DOI: 10.1254/fpj.120.13